The days of spontaneously planning a carefree holiday are over. Almost two years into the pandemic, it is becoming brutally evident that we will continue to face COVID-related travel limitations for months to come. Therefore, it is critical to conduct some basic pre-trip research to determine the risks of travelling and the processes involved in the entire activity.
Because of travel laws and limitations, Europe has been a challenging area to visit. What works in one country may not work across the border in another. While there are differences between these countries on whether unvaccinated people can visit, there is unification occurring as EU countries plus England loosen travel restrictions.
List of EU Travel Requirements
Austria
All travellers entering the country will need to prove they have recovered from COVID-19. This can be a document showing the date or proof of complete vaccination. Travellers can show a negative PCR test or negative antigen test valid for 72 hours and 24 hours.
France
After nine months from the second vaccination, a booster immunization is required. There is no obligation for pre-entry testing for those who have been vaccinated. Unvaccinated individuals from green-list countries may enter for non-essential travel with a pre-departure test. However, if you are from one of the orange-listed nations, you must provide a compelling reason for the trip and may be subject to random testing upon arrival.
Germany
Germany is closed to those who are not vaccinated. However, anyone who has had COVID-19 treatment or is under 12 years old may be allowed into the country for non-essential reasons. You only need to show proof that you are eligible to enter the country.
Italy
Italy has relaxed its COVID-19 travel restrictions. Anyone arriving from outside the EU/EEA area will be subject to the same rules as those within. To enter, you need to show a certificate of vaccination, recovery certificate, or a negative COVID-19 test result. In Italy, people use a "Super Green Pass," which allows them to enter restaurants and cultural events.
Netherlands
A ban on entry is for all foreigners entering the EU/EEA. But people are exempt if they are vaccinated. A negative test result must be shown by all foreigners entering the EU. If you are travelling to the Netherlands with a passport from an EU country, your EU Digital COVID Certificate will be required.
Portugal
Portugal has eased its travel restrictions, allowing vaccinated and unvaccinated citizens to visit. Vaccinated citizens of the EU/EEA are not required to undergo a pre-departure test. An unvaccinated person can come into the country with a negative PCR test result within 72 hours of their last trip or a negative lateral flow test.
Spain
Spain is now open to EU residents, travellers who have been vaccinated, and anyone coming from an EU country on the safe list. Children under 12 years old can enter freely. However, those aged 12–18 must present proof of negative pre-entry tests, including a SARS CoV-2 molecular DNA amplification test performed within 72 hours of arrival.
England
All people who have been vaccinated can come into the country without being tested before or after they arrive. Also, quarantine is not required. A person who hasn't been vaccinated must take a pre-departure test and make an appointment for a PCR test that will be done after they arrive.
Who can test for COVID-19?
· Individuals with COVID-19 symptoms
· Individuals who have had close contact with someone who is infected with COVID-19
· Individuals, particularly travellers, who have been asked or referred to get tested by their clinician, state, or local health department as required by the current travel requirements of a specific country.
COVID-19 Tests Available
Molecular Testing (RT-PCR)
While there are many different methods for COVID-19 testing, the most common and accurate way is real-time PCR (RT-PCR). This test is highly sensitive and allows for the high-throughput detection of target complementary DNA sequences. It is also helpful for detecting human immunodeficiency viruses, coronaviruses, and other microbial pathogens. Hence, it is the preferred test for diagnosing COVID-19.
Antigen Testing
An antigen test for COVID-19 is a quick and straightforward test that detects certain proteins in the virus. The test is high-speed and easy to perform. However, there is an increased risk of false-negative results. Your doctor may suggest a PCR test or other diagnostic procedure confirm your result.
Serological Testing
The aim of serological testing for COVID-19 is to identify patients who have antibodies to the disease. The process is a crucial step in diagnosing the virus, as it helps determine a person's immune response and the overall number of cases. While this method can be used at the point of care, it is more accurate in the presence of an active infection. Besides, this method has its flaws and can only be used in specialized reference labs.
What test is best for travel?
Each country has its requirements regarding whether you must take a fit to fly lateral flow test or PCR test to enter. Both lateral flow and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays screen for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, although they differ in their approach, accuracy, and turnaround time. It is critical to understand what is required to allow sufficient time to purchase the appropriate test and acquire your results within the specified timeframe.
Lateral flow tests performed by EU-approved suppliers are often cheap. As with an NHS lateral flow test, the findings will be available in less than half an hour. You will be required to upload a photo of the verification test, and then the lab will manually check it. Then, you will receive a certificate.
PCR tests are sent directly to the laboratory for testing. Results usually take 1 to 3 working days. The PCR is more accurate and more expensive than the lateral flow test.
COVID-19 Testing at Home
The FDA has authorized numerous home tests for emergency purposes. Please keep in mind that the sensitivity of these tests varies according to the patient's capacity to produce appropriate samples. Tests are available in pharmacies and online. However, it is essential to execute COVID-19 testing safely and responsibly. When doing a self-test at home, here are a few things to remember.
1. Carefully read the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Set up your testing area.
3. When collecting and testing your nasal specimen, strictly adhere to the instructions.
4. Read and report your findings.
5. Dispose of your COVID test kits safely.
6. Before and after the test, wash and sanitize your hands.
Find your reliable testing provider
Official Rapid Test is the highest-rated UK government-approved testing provider that offers fast, reliable, and accurate COVID testing. It comprises medical experts with exceptional experience in testing, diagnostic, and other medical services. They aim to provide affordable and faster COVID testing for the public. Visit their website at https://officialrapidtests.com/ to learn more.
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